Coverage and Impact Force

Nozzle Coverage Calculation

The effective spray angle of a nozzle varies with spray distance, liquid viscosity, nozzle capacity and operating pressure. However, coverage is usually a theoretical calculation and should be used as a reference. Also, keep in mind that spray angles listed in catalogs are based on spraying water. If spray coverage is critical in your application, contact the manufacturer of your spray nozzle or equipment for additional data. If coverage isn’t critical, use of an online calculator can provide the information you need.

Coverage Area of a Hollow Cone Nozzle

The coverage area of a hollow cone nozzle (i.e., the diameter or area of the spray cone) is a critical parameter in spray system design and is commonly used in applications such as cooling, cleaning, humidification, combustion, and pesticide spraying. The theoretical coverage of a nozzle can be calculated by the spray angle and the distance from the nozzle to the target. The arrangement of nozzles must ensure uniform coverage through proper overlap to prevent “short-circuiting” of the spray.

Spray Impact

Impact is a measure of the force at which a spray liquid impinges on a surface. Its value depends on the six factors: liquid density, nozzle type, working pressure, flow rate, spray angle and installation distance. Impact per square inch (cm) [pounds (kg)-force per square inch (cm)] can be calculated.